Knowledge is defined as expertise, and skills acquired by a person through experience or education; the theoretical or practical understanding of a subject, what is known in a particular field or in total; facts and information or awareness or familiarity gained by experience of a fact or situation. Philosophical debates in general start with Plato's formulation of knowledge as "justified true belief". There is however no single agreed definition of knowledge presently, or any prospect of one, and there remain numerous competing theories.
Knowledge acquisition involves complex cognitive processes: perception, learning, communication, association and reasoning. The term knowledge is also used to mean the confident understanding of a subject with the ability to use it for a specific purpose if appropriate.
There are four causes of knowledge according to Aristotle:
1. Material Cause – pertains to the cause of something in terms of the physical made-up. The Material Cause comes into existence due to its parts, constituents, substratum or materials. The explanation of causes is reduced to its parts such as factors, elements, constituents, ingredients, forming the whole.
2. Formal Cause – this cause pertains to the essence or "pattern" of something. The Formal Cause simply points out to us what a thing is, that any thing is identified by the “definition, form, pattern, essence, whole, synthesis, or archetype”.
3. Efficient Cause – explains something in terms of its starting point of change or stability. Aristotle pointed out that “Efficient cause is “the primary source of change”. The Efficient Cause is that from which the change or the culmination of the change was introduced. It implies all agents of change whether nonliving or living. For instance, in the above example the efficient cause of the statue was the sculptor. It was he who made the change in the bronze and silver, making it into a statue.
4. Final Cause – explains the cause of something in terms of its conceived end, or the purpose why it is made. According to Aristotle, final cause is “the end (telos), that for the sake of which a thing is done”. The Final Cause is that for the sake of which a thing exists or is done, its purpose and instrumental actions and activities. The final cause or telos is the end to which something must serve. For example, the final cause of a statue could be to portray a goddess or for decorative purposes.
Wednesday, September 30, 2009
The Knowledge
Knowledge is defined as expertise, and skills acquired by a person through experience or education; the theoretical or practical understanding of a subject, what is known in a particular field or in total; facts and information or awareness or familiarity gained by experience of a fact or situation. Philosophical debates in general start with Plato's formulation of knowledge as "justified true belief". There is however no single agreed definition of knowledge presently, or any prospect of one, and there remain numerous competing theories.
Knowledge acquisition involves complex cognitive processes: perception, learning, communication, association and reasoning. The term knowledge is also used to mean the confident understanding of a subject with the ability to use it for a specific purpose if appropriate.
There are four causes of knowledge according to Aristotle:
1. Material Cause – pertains to the cause of something in terms of the physical made-up. The Material Cause comes into existence due to its parts, constituents, substratum or materials. The explanation of causes is reduced to its parts such as factors, elements, constituents, ingredients, forming the whole.
2. Formal Cause – this cause pertains to the essence or "pattern" of something. The Formal Cause simply points out to us what a thing is, that any thing is identified by the “definition, form, pattern, essence, whole, synthesis, or archetype”.
3. Efficient Cause – explains something in terms of its starting point of change or stability. Aristotle pointed out that “Efficient cause is “the primary source of change”. The Efficient Cause is that from which the change or the culmination of the change was introduced. It implies all agents of change whether nonliving or living. For instance, in the above example the efficient cause of the statue was the sculptor. It was he who made the change in the bronze and silver, making it into a statue.
4. Final Cause – explains the cause of something in terms of its conceived end, or the purpose why it is made. According to Aristotle, final cause is “the end (telos), that for the sake of which a thing is done”. The Final Cause is that for the sake of which a thing exists or is done, its purpose and instrumental actions and activities. The final cause or telos is the end to which something must serve. For example, the final cause of a statue could be to portray a goddess or for decorative purposes.
Knowledge acquisition involves complex cognitive processes: perception, learning, communication, association and reasoning. The term knowledge is also used to mean the confident understanding of a subject with the ability to use it for a specific purpose if appropriate.
There are four causes of knowledge according to Aristotle:
1. Material Cause – pertains to the cause of something in terms of the physical made-up. The Material Cause comes into existence due to its parts, constituents, substratum or materials. The explanation of causes is reduced to its parts such as factors, elements, constituents, ingredients, forming the whole.
2. Formal Cause – this cause pertains to the essence or "pattern" of something. The Formal Cause simply points out to us what a thing is, that any thing is identified by the “definition, form, pattern, essence, whole, synthesis, or archetype”.
3. Efficient Cause – explains something in terms of its starting point of change or stability. Aristotle pointed out that “Efficient cause is “the primary source of change”. The Efficient Cause is that from which the change or the culmination of the change was introduced. It implies all agents of change whether nonliving or living. For instance, in the above example the efficient cause of the statue was the sculptor. It was he who made the change in the bronze and silver, making it into a statue.
4. Final Cause – explains the cause of something in terms of its conceived end, or the purpose why it is made. According to Aristotle, final cause is “the end (telos), that for the sake of which a thing is done”. The Final Cause is that for the sake of which a thing exists or is done, its purpose and instrumental actions and activities. The final cause or telos is the end to which something must serve. For example, the final cause of a statue could be to portray a goddess or for decorative purposes.
Tuesday, September 29, 2009
Horizontal Stadia Sights
PROBLEM:
An engineer’s level with a stadia constant of 0.30m was set – up on the line between two – points A, B, and the following hair readings were observed.
Rod Position Hair Readings
U(a) M(c) L(b)
A 1.33m 1.175m 1.02m
B 1.972m 1.854m 1.736m
Solve the ff.:
S= stadia interval factor
HD= horizontal distance from the level at the rod A
HD2= horizontal distance from the level at the rod B
Lab= length of the AB
Formula:
S = (a – b)
HD = Ks + C
HD2= Ks2 + C
Lab = d + d2
Given:
C = 0.30m
K = 95.5m
Solution for A & B:
S = (a – b)
= (1.33 – 1.02)
= 0.31m
HD = Ks + C
= (95.5) (0.31) + 0.30
= 29.605 + 0.30
= 29.91m
S2 = (1.972 – 1.736)
= 0.24m
HD2 = 95.5(0.24) + 0.30
= 22.92 + 0.30
= 23.22m
Lab = d + d2
= 29.91m + 23.22m
= 53.13m
An engineer’s level with a stadia constant of 0.30m was set – up on the line between two – points A, B, and the following hair readings were observed.
Rod Position Hair Readings
U(a) M(c) L(b)
A 1.33m 1.175m 1.02m
B 1.972m 1.854m 1.736m
Solve the ff.:
S= stadia interval factor
HD= horizontal distance from the level at the rod A
HD2= horizontal distance from the level at the rod B
Lab= length of the AB
Formula:
S = (a – b)
HD = Ks + C
HD2= Ks2 + C
Lab = d + d2
Given:
C = 0.30m
K = 95.5m
Solution for A & B:
S = (a – b)
= (1.33 – 1.02)
= 0.31m
HD = Ks + C
= (95.5) (0.31) + 0.30
= 29.605 + 0.30
= 29.91m
S2 = (1.972 – 1.736)
= 0.24m
HD2 = 95.5(0.24) + 0.30
= 22.92 + 0.30
= 23.22m
Lab = d + d2
= 29.91m + 23.22m
= 53.13m
Monday, September 28, 2009
Views of God
In Philosophy, we were represented the drawing as a views of God and shall be interpret what is your drawing means. We were explained this drawing.
My views of God is "God is the Light of all lights". This means, He is the truth of light because of our Lord Jesus Christ is the Way, the Truth, and the Life. And also, He is the same yesterday, today and forever. He will guide to your path so that you will success to your journey of life and to your ambition.
Remember this special verse, "I am the Way, the Truth, and the Life; no ones to come My Father but through Me.", John 14:6.
Sunday, September 27, 2009
DepED Order No. 74 s. 2009
INSTITUTIONALIZING MOTHER TONGUE-BASED
MULTILINGUAL EDUCATION (MLE)
To:
Undersecretaries
Assistant Secretaries
Bureau DirectorsDirectors of Services, Centers and Heads of Units
Regional DirectorsSchools Division/City Superintendents
Heads, Public and Private Elementary and Secondary Schools
1. The lessons and findings of various local initiatives and international studies in basic education have validated the superiority of the use of the learner’s mother tongue or first language in improving learning outcomes and promoting Education for All (EFA).
2. Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education, hereinafter referred to as MLE, is the effective use of more than two languages for literacy and instruction. Henceforth, it shall be institutionalized as a fundamental educational policy and program in this Department in the whole stretch of formal education including pre-school and in the Alternative Learning System (ALS).
3. The preponderance of local and international research consistent with the Basic Education Sector Reform Agenda (BESRA) recommendations affirms the benefits and relevance of MLE. Notable empirical studies like the Lingua Franca Project and Lubuagan First Language Component show that:
a. First, learners learn to read more quickly when in their first language (LI);
b. Second, pupils who have learned to read and write in their first language learn to speak, read, and write in a second language (L2) and third language (L3) more quickly than those who are taught in a second or third language first; and
c. Third, in terms of cognitive development and its effects in other academic areas, pupils taught to read and write in their first language acquire such competencies more quickly.
4. Relatedly, the study of the Department of Education Region IV-B (MIMAROPA) entitled “Double Exposure in Mathematics: a Glimpse of Mother Tongue First” has provided the local validation of the fundamental observation that top performing countries in the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) are those that teach and test students in science and math in their own languages.
5. All Regional Directors and Superintendents are hereby enjoined to promote and encourage local participation in the following essential support systems of the MLE within the framework of School-Based Management (SBM) with the support of the local government units:
a. Formulation of region-specific schemes. to recognize and institutionalize the initiatives of schools and localities through appropriate incentives or policy support in bringing about and developing MLE towards financial and instructional self-reliance and excellence;
b. Provisions of orientation and training opportunities along with exposure to successful models of MLE that have been developed. The gradual integration of MLE in all subject areas and at all grade levels (beginning in preschool and continuing by adding a grade level per year) in the school improvement plans (SIPS) and district ALS program is likewise enjoined effective immediately;
c. The utilization of Maintenance and Other Operating Expenses (MOOE), school board funds, and other education improvement funds is hereby authorized for the planning and implementation of MLE programs in the following sequence of priority: (1) advocacy work and community mobilization; (2) development of a working orthography of the local language; (3) MLE orientation and teachers training; (4) developing, printing and distributing teachers’/facilitators’ guides; (5) reading materials and other instructional materials; (6) development of assessment tools; and (7) evaluation and monitoring of learning outcomes; and
d. An MLE technical working group at the regional and division levels shall be established to facilitate MLE planning, monitoring and evaluation.
6. During the first three years of implementation, the enclosed “MLE Bridging Plan” may be used for reference for both teaching and curriculum development. For the ensuing years, adjustments may be made based on monitoring and evaluation results.
7. For all learning programs of the Alternative Learning System (ALS), the learners’ first language shall be used as primary medium and thereafter, depending upon the previous level of functional literacy and pedagogical requirements of accreditation and equivalency, the Bureau of Alternative Learning System (BALS) shall determine the suitable second and third languages that will maximize the educational benefits and competencies of the ALS clients. Enclosed is the Fundamental Requirements for a Strong Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education (MLE).
8. This Department with the help of MLE specialists shall incorporate an MLE certification process and retain the privilege of establishing MLE certification procedures in order to maintain quality MLE programs wherever they may be implemented.
9. All orders, memoranda, issuances, rules and regulations or parts thereof inconsistent with the provisions of this Order are hereby rescinded, amended, or modified accordingly.
10. Immediate dissemination of and compliance with this Order is directed.
(Sgd.) JESLI A. LAPUS
Secretary
Thursday, September 24, 2009
Inclined Stadia Sights
We were solved the problem to get the Inclined Stadia Sights. The Inclined Stadia Sights have the formula of the followings:
ID = Ks Cos oC + C
HD = Ks Cos² oC + C Cos oC
VD = Ks Sin oC Cos oC + C Sin oC
DE = HI + VD – RR
ID = the inclined or slope distance from the center of the instrument (O) to the horizontal cross hair readings (P).
HD = horizontal distance between the instrument and the rod.
VD = vertical distance between the telescope axis (O) and the horizontal cross hair readings (P).
DE = difference in elevation between the instrument station @ m and the distant stadia point @ N.
HI or OM = is the height of the instrument.
Problem:
The following data were obtained by a stadia measurement; vertical angle is 30°23’, and observed stadia intercept is 2.20m. The stadia interval factor at the measurement used 95.50m and C is 0.30m, if the height of the instrument is 1.62m, and the rod reading is taken 1.95m. Determine the HD, VD, ID, and DE.
Given:
K= 95.5m
S= 2.2m
C = 0.3m
Vertical Angle = 30°23’
Solution:
ID = Ks Cos oC + C
= 95.5(2.2) Cos30°23’ + 0.3
= 210.1(0.863) + 0.3
= 181. 32 + 0.3
= 181.62
HD = Ks Cos² oC + C Cos oC
= 95.5(2.2) Cos²30°23’ + 0.3 Cos30°23’
= 210.1(0.863) ² + 0.3(0.863)
= 210.1(0.745) + 0.258
= 156.52 + 0.258
= 156.78
VD = Ks Sin oC Cos oC + C Sin oC
= 95.5(2.2) Sin30°23’ Cos²30°23’ + 0.3 Sin30°23’
= 210.1(0.506) (0.863) + 0.3(0.506)
= 210.1(0.437) + 0.152
= 91.814 + 0.152
= 91.97
DE = HI + VD – RR
= 156.78 + 91.97 - 91.97
= 156.78
We learned this inclined stadia sights to solve the problem to get HD, VD, ID, and DE with the following formulas:
ID = Ks Cos oC + C
HD = Ks Cos² oC + C Cos oC
VD = Ks Sin oC Cos oC + C Sin oC
DE = HI + VD – RR
ID = Ks Cos oC + C
HD = Ks Cos² oC + C Cos oC
VD = Ks Sin oC Cos oC + C Sin oC
DE = HI + VD – RR
ID = the inclined or slope distance from the center of the instrument (O) to the horizontal cross hair readings (P).
HD = horizontal distance between the instrument and the rod.
VD = vertical distance between the telescope axis (O) and the horizontal cross hair readings (P).
DE = difference in elevation between the instrument station @ m and the distant stadia point @ N.
HI or OM = is the height of the instrument.
Problem:
The following data were obtained by a stadia measurement; vertical angle is 30°23’, and observed stadia intercept is 2.20m. The stadia interval factor at the measurement used 95.50m and C is 0.30m, if the height of the instrument is 1.62m, and the rod reading is taken 1.95m. Determine the HD, VD, ID, and DE.
Given:
K= 95.5m
S= 2.2m
C = 0.3m
Vertical Angle = 30°23’
Solution:
ID = Ks Cos oC + C
= 95.5(2.2) Cos30°23’ + 0.3
= 210.1(0.863) + 0.3
= 181. 32 + 0.3
= 181.62
HD = Ks Cos² oC + C Cos oC
= 95.5(2.2) Cos²30°23’ + 0.3 Cos30°23’
= 210.1(0.863) ² + 0.3(0.863)
= 210.1(0.745) + 0.258
= 156.52 + 0.258
= 156.78
VD = Ks Sin oC Cos oC + C Sin oC
= 95.5(2.2) Sin30°23’ Cos²30°23’ + 0.3 Sin30°23’
= 210.1(0.506) (0.863) + 0.3(0.506)
= 210.1(0.437) + 0.152
= 91.814 + 0.152
= 91.97
DE = HI + VD – RR
= 156.78 + 91.97 - 91.97
= 156.78
We learned this inclined stadia sights to solve the problem to get HD, VD, ID, and DE with the following formulas:
ID = Ks Cos oC + C
HD = Ks Cos² oC + C Cos oC
VD = Ks Sin oC Cos oC + C Sin oC
DE = HI + VD – RR
Wednesday, September 23, 2009
Religion
According to the Bible that says:"If you honor Me, I will honor you; and If you bless Me, I will bless you". Pray to God for next morning and be ready for the next challenge. Nothing impossible with God.
We have the written situation on Philosophy subject about religion. We were answers about the following that given our Instructor. This is hard but it is not hard if you pray to God because He will guide you and help you this exam. We shared the views of God.
"God is the lightest of all light."
Tuesday, September 22, 2009
Stadia Interval Factor
In Topographic Drawing, we solved the problem to get the Stadia Interval Factor with the formula of K=D/S wherein:
K= stadia interval factor,
C= stadia constant,
S= stadia hair reading(upper, lower), and
D= distance from the transit.
We solved this problem to determine the stadia interval factor of the instrument assume that the stadia constant is zero(0). The data were located on the table of point A,B,and C:
Solution:
Ka=D/Sa-Sb
=30/0.96-0.66
=30/0.3
=100.0
Kb=D/Sa-Sb
=45/1.10-0.64
=45/0.46
=97.83
Kc= D/Sa-Sb
= 60/1.21-0.60
= 60/0.61
= 98.36
AveK= Ka+Kb+Kc/3
= 100+97.83+98.36/3
= 296.19/3
= 98.73
Table:
K= stadia interval factor,
C= stadia constant,
S= stadia hair reading(upper, lower), and
D= distance from the transit.
We solved this problem to determine the stadia interval factor of the instrument assume that the stadia constant is zero(0). The data were located on the table of point A,B,and C:
Solution:
Ka=D/Sa-Sb
=30/0.96-0.66
=30/0.3
=100.0
Kb=D/Sa-Sb
=45/1.10-0.64
=45/0.46
=97.83
Kc= D/Sa-Sb
= 60/1.21-0.60
= 60/0.61
= 98.36
AveK= Ka+Kb+Kc/3
= 100+97.83+98.36/3
= 296.19/3
= 98.73
Table:
| Point | Distance from the Rod | Upper | Lower |
Thursday, September 17, 2009
Second Day of Uni-games 2009
According to our Bible, "But seek first the Kingdom of God and His righteousness and all these things shall be added unto you". You should go to church to worship His Mighty Name and also praise our Lord for His greatness Name.
We must put God first and glorify to His Name. Remember the John 3:16 that says, "For God so loved the world that He gave His only begotten Son that so whoever believe in Him should not perish but have everlasting life".
In the Uni-games, we serve again all the players. According to expert, you should know as a leader and be a good work for the school and especially to our country. This the second day of our uni-games.
We must put God first and glorify to His Name. Remember the John 3:16 that says, "For God so loved the world that He gave His only begotten Son that so whoever believe in Him should not perish but have everlasting life".
In the Uni-games, we serve again all the players. According to expert, you should know as a leader and be a good work for the school and especially to our country. This the second day of our uni-games.
Wednesday, September 16, 2009
University Games 2009
This day is the first day of our uni-games. All players must attired their uniform and they are also as Alay Lakad from the beginning. Me and the ROTC-COCC's were helped the players to give the "meryenda". Make a great leader, you are following one.
Be a leader and be of service to help our school ideas for the build of our community citizens to among students. We make a great leader by helping of our players. Continue to serve the school.
Forced kindness deserves no thanks willingness to serve doesn't wait until is ask for. Remember to serve the school as a fully participating citizens. Be initiative.
Be a leader and be of service to help our school ideas for the build of our community citizens to among students. We make a great leader by helping of our players. Continue to serve the school.
Forced kindness deserves no thanks willingness to serve doesn't wait until is ask for. Remember to serve the school as a fully participating citizens. Be initiative.
Tuesday, September 15, 2009
Olympics
Today is no classes in our major subject of drafting because our teacher went to Batac City due to our university games within this week from September 16 - 18, 2009. They are prepared at Batac for the Intramural of our University.
Tomorrow is our University Games. Be ready. We must be prepared tomorrow for the uni-games. Be enjoy our uni - games tomorrow.
Tomorrow is our University Games. Be ready. We must be prepared tomorrow for the uni-games. Be enjoy our uni - games tomorrow.
Friday, September 11, 2009
Socratic Method
According to the book of Matthew 6:33 says that, "But seek first the Kingdom of God, and His righteousness and all these things shall be added unto you". I thanked to God for all the wisdom and knowledge because He guide me on this Socratic Recitation during the period of time. Socratic method is the hardest of all types quiz. This is so difficult than other types of exam.
Expect the unexpected this day. I unexpected that I passed this graded recitation or Socratic Method. I thanks to God because He blessed me of this Socratic recitation. Don't forget to pray God because prayer is
the power among believers in God.
Expect the unexpected this day. I unexpected that I passed this graded recitation or Socratic Method. I thanks to God because He blessed me of this Socratic recitation. Don't forget to pray God because prayer is
the power among believers in God.Wednesday, September 9, 2009
Republic Act No. 9155
Expected the unexpected of this day. In curriculum development, I got twenty of this quiz in Republic Act #: 9155 or Governance of Basic Education of Act 2001. This quiz is so hard because you should write by word on the provision of this law. I thanked to God because He guide me on this test to pass this quiz and also He gave me a knowledge to answer the following question.
Next meeting, we had the Socratic recitation of this subject according to our instructor. Our tackle to review for the Socratic Recitation is all about the "Accessing the Curriculum".
Next meeting, we had the Socratic recitation of this subject according to our instructor. Our tackle to review for the Socratic Recitation is all about the "Accessing the Curriculum".
Tuesday, September 8, 2009
Red Lions Team
The design of our Red Lions Team is a simple but beauty. We cut the design on the blu-film stencil before adhering the blu film on the wood frame. We don't have a class today because we work to print for the uni-games next week(September 14 - 16).
On this matter, we printed all uniform of our players with the beautiful of arts. This design is simple but beauty and it is also attractive to all viewer.
On this matter, we printed all uniform of our players with the beautiful of arts. This design is simple but beauty and it is also attractive to all viewer.
Thursday, September 3, 2009
Blu-Film Stencil
In Topographic Drawing, I should be draw the map symbols 2 but our teacher decide that I could not do work the lab. exercise because I will cut the design of our red lion team on the blu film stencil so I cutted it by the use of cutter stencil as a exempted on the lab. exercise of map symbols 2. It is hard to cut on the blu film but it is so enjoy.
In Graphic Arts, we printed the design with two - colors by the use of paper stencil. In our group one, we were finished to print the three design on three t-shirts by checking of our professor.
In Graphic Arts, we printed the design with two - colors by the use of paper stencil. In our group one, we were finished to print the three design on three t-shirts by checking of our professor.
Wednesday, September 2, 2009
Constitution & Statute
According to our instructor, "Constitution deals with the fundamental principles, subjects of a general regarding the government". This made by an extraordinary body of men chosen for such purpose of a constitution. This is also legislation direct from the people; and intends to meet present as well as future conditions.
In statute, this pertains to specific subjects. It is made by an ordinary legislature such as board member, governor, etc. This also provides the detail of the frame work and deals with present conditions.
In statute, this pertains to specific subjects. It is made by an ordinary legislature such as board member, governor, etc. This also provides the detail of the frame work and deals with present conditions.
Tuesday, September 1, 2009
Map Symbols
According to our Instructor, we should know all the symbols before you draw a map. We don't know if we should draw on the drawing paper but we ready to draw any drawing.
Our teacher decide that we should draw a map symbols according to their structure, roads, etc. We should know these map symbols because this is the most important in the topographic drawing in every life even also all the engineers, architects and draftsman.
Our teacher decide that we should draw a map symbols according to their structure, roads, etc. We should know these map symbols because this is the most important in the topographic drawing in every life even also all the engineers, architects and draftsman.
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